Applicator and mixer for viscous materials



Dec. 3, 1957 E. s ow ETAL 2,814,827

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 14Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS FAOVO E. SNOW JONES 0. 5 09K BY {214 %rroeuaAPPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 Dec. 3,1957 F. E. sNow ETAL 14 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS f-ZOVD 5 suaw JONES a.VOQZ arm/905V Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ETAL APPLICATOR AND MIXER FORVISCOUS MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 l4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS FAOVDE. SK/060 JONES 0. #0216 Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ET AL 2,814,

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 14Sheets-Sheet 5 Mall. 56 55 INVENTORS HOVD 6'. 51/060 z/OA/fS O. V0916APFLICATOR AND MIXER FOR vxscous MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 Dec. 3,1957 F. E. SNOW ETAL l4 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTORS FOVD 5 54/060 1/04/550- WORK Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ET AL 2,314,827

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR vrscous MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 14Sheets-Sheet 7 APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR vxscous MATERIALS Filed July 28.1952 Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ETAL 14 Sheets-Sheet 8 qi s iixmmg-JNVENTORS aoua E. suaw JOVES' 0. me

Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ETAL APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALSFiled July 28. 1952 l4 Sheets-Sheet 9 IN VENTORS HOVD 6'. 53 /060 JONES0. V085 wave/ 15V Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ET AL 2,814,827

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 14Sheets-Sheet 10 VENTOR5 HOVD SA/Odl/ JUNE-.5 0. V0196 1957 F. E. SNOWETAL 2,814,327

AFPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS 14 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed July28. 1952 am mm mm H m m 5 m INVENTORS HUI/0 5 51/040 JONES 0. #0216 BYfirraeufi Dec. 3, 1957 ow ETAL 2,814,827

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 14Sheets-Sheet 12 BY JONES 0. W

MJZW PTTO/QA/EV F. E. SNOW ETAL Dec. 3, 1957 2,814,827

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR vrscous MATERIALS Filed July 28. 1952 14Sheets-Sheet 13 Dec. 3, 1957 F. E. SNOW ETAL 2,814,327

APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR ISCOUS MATERIALS t BY rroec/Fd United StatesPatent APPLICATOR AND MIXER FOR VISCOUS MATERIALS Floyd E. Snow,Pasadena, and Jones 0. York, Burbank,

Califl, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Coast Pro- Seal Mfg. Co.,Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Application July 28,1952, Serial No. 301,174

9 Claims. (Cl. 18-2) This invention relates to the application ofviscous compounds or mixtures, such as rubber-like sealing compounds.

It is often essential to flow compounds of this character overlocalities where surfaces are in contact, as, for example, around theflange of a cover plate for airplane gasoline tanks.

Such compounds are also used around bolts and nuts. The compound usuallyincludes rubber-like, tacky material that hardens on exposure to air.

The individual constituents of such a mixture are a rubber material anda catalyzer. When mixed, setting takes place at a slow rate.

In order efficiently to utilize such compounds, they should accordinglybe mixed at the time they are to be applied; for, otherwise, setting ofthe mixture would render them incapable of use.

It is one of the objects of this invention to provide a compact andinexpensive mixer and applicator that performs the essential function ofintimate intermixture of the constituent elements at the time thecompound is to be used.

It is another object of this invention to provide a structure for themixer that effectively and intimately associates the catalyzer andrubber material, preferably by a rubbing, as well as a cutting, orcomminuting action.

It is still another object of this invention to facilitate the cleaningof the parts, as by ready and rapid removal of these parts. This featureis particularly important, since the materials treated are sticky orgummy.

This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objectswhich may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of severalembodiments of the invention. For this purpose, there are shown a fewforms in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the presentspecification. These forms will now be described in detail, illustratingthe general principles of the invention; but it is to be understood thatthis detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, sincethe scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of an apparatus incorporating the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view, taken along a plane correspondingto line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line4-4 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view, taken along a planecorresponding to line 6-6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view, similar to Fig. 4, of a modified form of theinvention;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical sectional view, taken along a planecorresponding to line 8-8 of Fig. 2;

2,814,827 Patented Dec. 3, 1957 Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view,taken along a plane corresponding to line 9-9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is an exploded view of the mixing mechanism;

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view, similar to Fig. 9, but illustratinganother position of the apparatus;

Fig. 12 is a sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line12-12 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line13-13 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line14-14 of Fig. 11;

Figs. 15, 16, and 17 are fragmentary sectional views, similar to Fig. 9,of modified forms of the invention;

Fig. 18 is an enlarged sectional view of another modified form of thisinvention;

Figs. 19 and 20 are sectional views, taken along the planes indicated bylines 19-19 and 20-20, respectively, of Fig. 18;

Fig. 21 is a fragmentary sectional view, taken along the plane indicatedby line 21-21 of Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is an elevation of a part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig.18;

Fig. 23 is an enlarged sectional view, illustrating another modifiedform of this invention;

Figs. 24, 25, and 26 are sectional views, taken along planes indicatedby lines 24-24, 25-25, and 26-26, respectively, of Fig. 23;

Fig. 27 is a view partly in section, taken along a plane indicated byline 27-27 of Fig. 26;

Fig. 28 is an enlarged vertical sectional view, illustratin g anothermodified form of this invention;

Fig. 29 is a view, partly in section, taken along a plane indicated byline 29-29 of Fig. 28;

Fig. 30 is a sectional view, taken along a plane indicated by line 30-30of Fig. 28;

Fig. 31 is a sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line31-31 of Fig. 30;

Fig. 32 is an elevation of part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 28;

Fig. 33 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of still another modifiedform of this invention;

Figs. 34, 35, and 36 are sectional views, taken along planes indicatedby lines 34-34, 35-35, and 36-36, respectively, of Fig. 33;

Fig. 37 is a sectional view, taken along the plane indicated by line37-37 of Fig. 36;

Fig. 38 is an enlarged vertical sectional view, illustrating stillanother modified form of this invention;

Figs. 39, 40, and 41 are sectional views, taken along planes indicatedby lines 39-39, 40-40, and 41-41, respectively, of Fig. 38;

Fig. 42 is a sectional view, taken along the plane indi cated by line42-42 of Fig. 40;

Fig. 43 is an enlarged vertical sectional view, illustrating stillanother modified form of this invention;

Figs. 44, 45, and 46 are sectional views, taken along planes indicatedby lines 44-44, 45-45, and 46-46, respectively, of Fig. 43;

Fig. 47 is an elevation of a part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig.43;

Fig. 48 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of still another modifiedform of this invention;

Figs. 49, 50, and 51 are sectional views, taken along planes indicatedby line 49-49, 50-50, and 51-51 of Fig. 48;

Fig. 52 is a sectional view, taken along the plane indicated by line52-52 of Fig. 51;

Fig. 53 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of still another modifiedform of this invention;

Figs. 54, 55, and 56 are sectional views, taken along 3 planescorresponding to lines 56-56 of Fig. 53; and

Fig. 57 is a sectional view, taken along the plane indicated by line57-57 of Fig. 55.

The device, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, includes a barrel 1 of generallyhollow cylindrical configuration. This barrel is divided into twocylinder spaces 2 and 3 (Fig. 3) into which the two constituentmaterials (such as a catalyst and a rubber material) may be placed forultimate discharge, under pressure exerted in these spaces, through aspout structure 4 (Figs. 1 and 2) mounted on the barrel 1. Theintermingling of the materials prior to discharge is eifected in amanner to be hereinafter described.

In order to form the cylinder spaces 2 and 3, use is made of anintermediate wall structure comprising the mating halves 5 and 6 (Figs.8, 9, and 11). These halves are of generally cylindrical configurationto fit the interior of the cylinder barrel 1. They are provided withappropriate mating recesses to define apertures for bearings, etc., allas hereinafter described. The halves 5 and 6 are held together by fourscrews 7 (Figs. 8 and 9). As shown most clearly in Fig. 9, O-rings 21and 22 are provided in grooves formed in the peripheries of these halvesso as to isolate the cylinder spaces 2 and 3 from each other.

The opposite ends of the inner bore of barrel 1 are each provided withan outward taper for the accommodation of the cover members 16 and 17(Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5). These cover members are provided with theflanges 18, 19, respectively telescoping into the ends of the barrel 1and fastened thereto as by snap rings 10.

Halves 5 and 6 cooperate to define a space 8 in which appropriatemechanism is located for the operation of piston structures in thecylindrical spaces 2 and 3. This mechanism will be describedhereinafter.

A threaded bushing 9 (Figs. 2, 8, 9 and 11) is accommodated in athreaded aperture formed by the halves 5 and 6, and is bottomed therein.The axis of this bushing is transverse to the axis of barrel 1. Itpasses radially into the barrel through a radial aperture, and thusserves to restrain relative axial movement between the barrel 1 and thestructure 5-6. It also serves as a main support for the disintegratingand mixing elements.

A similar bushing 11 (Fig. 8) extends coaxially with the bushing 9, atthe lower side of the barrel 1, and is similarly threaded into anappropriate threaded aperture formed by the halves 5 and 6. The bushing11 is bottomed in this threaded aperture.

Two identical piston structures, respectively in the cylinder spaces 2and 3, are provided for urging the material from these two spaces 2 and3 through the chopper and mixer mechanism supported by the bushing 9.

These piston structures are shown to best advantage in Figs. 3, 4, 5,and 6.

Each piston structure includes a cylindrical piston proper 23, carryinga sealing O-ring 24 located in a groove in the periphery of the piston.A pair of spaced nuts 25 and 26, having exterior cylindrical surfaces,are telescoped within appropriate apertures in the piston 23. Flanges 27on these nuts extend partially into counterbores of these apertures. Theperipheries of the flanges, as shown most clearly in Figs. 4 and 6, areeach provided with a pair of arcuate recesses 28 at diametricallyopposite places of the flange. These recesses form plane surfacescoplanar with the end surfaces of the piston 23. Engaging one of theserecesses is the cylindrical head 29 of screw 12, threaded in an apertureadjacent the nut 26. This head 29 has a hexagonal recess 13 (Fig. 4) topermit removal and replacement of the screw. In this way, the nuts areprevented from rotating, and they are also restrained against axialmovement with respect to the piston 23. The two recesses of each nut 26make it possible to adjust the angular positions of the nuts by halfrevolutions.

5454, 5S-55, and

In order to gain access to the spaces 2 and 3, removable threaded plugs32 are provided in each of the pistons 23. Knurled and slotted head 36is provided for manual manipulation.

Thus, to gain access to the spaces 2 and 3 to insert ingredients to bemixed, the covers 16 and 17, as well as the plugs 32, may be removed.

For moving the pistons 23 simultaneously toward the wall 56, use is madeof a pair of lead screws 38 and 39. These lead screws respectively havetwo threaded sections 40, 41 and 42, 43. The sections 40 and 41 are ofopposite threads, as are the sections 42 and 43. Ac cordingly,simultaneous rotation of the lead screw will move the pistons 23 towardeach other. The rate at which the materials in cylinder spaces 2 and 3are urged into the bushing 9 is dependent upon the relative pitches ofsections 40, 41 and 42, 43. Thus, if the materials are to be deliveredin equal amounts, the pitches are equal. Assuming that the material inthe left-hand chamber 2 is to be delivered at a faster rate than thematerial in chamber 3, then, in that event, the pitches of the threadedsections 40 and 42 are made correspondingly greater. Obviously, in thismanner any desired ratio of ingredients may be secured.

Another way to adjust the ratio is indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 7.In this instance, the piston 33 has an area less than that of barrel 1.For example, it may be of elliptical cross section, fitting closelywithin an elliptical insert 34 in barrel 1. This insert has a flange 35attached to one side of the wall 56 (Figs. 3 and 9). as by screws 37.The flange 35 is provided with a groove 30 communicating, at its innerend 14, with the cylinder space formed by insert 34. The outer end 15 ofthe groove 30 communicates with the mixer mechanism hereinafter to bedescribed.

The lead screws 38 and 39 (Fig. 3) are each provided with a cylindricalshaft portion 44 or 45, located intermediate the threaded sections.These shaft portions are appropriately supported in radial and thrustbearing structures 46, 47, 48, and 49, located in recesses in the wallhalves 5 and 6 (Fig. 3) and opening into the space 8. AppropriateO-rings 50 surround the shaft portions 44 and 45, and are located ingrooves formed in the halves 5 and 6.

In order to rotate the lead screws 38 and 39, these lead screws areprovided with worm wheels 51 and 52 (see, also, Fig. 8). These wormwheels may be appropriately joined to the shaft portions 44 and 45 as bythe aid of the cross pins 53.

A common driving worm 54 engages both of the worm wheels 51 and 52. Thisworm is located in the space 8. and is mounted on a shaft 55 coaxialwith bushings 9 and 11. Shaft 55 is journaled at its upper end in abushing 56 (Figs. 8, 9, and 11) located in a recess formed by the halves5 and 6. An O-ring 57 is disposed around the upper end of the shaft 55,and in a groove formed by the two halves 5 and 6.

The worm 54 is shown as coupled to the shaft 55 as by the aid of a crosspin (Fig. 8). The lower threaded bushing provides a rotary thrustbearing support 58 (Fig. 8) for the shaft. This shaft is appropriatelydriven by an air motor mechanism encased in a hollow handle or housing59 (Figs. 2, 8, and 9). Air may be supplied to the air motor in thehousing 59 by the aid of an air hose 60. The housing 59 is arranged tobe held appropriately in place by the aid of a nut structure 61 that hasa flange overlapping the lower flange 62 of the bushing 11. It isthreaded on a member 63 held in the housing 59. The housing 59 isprovided with saddle portions 64 (Figs. 2 and 9) adapted to engage thelower side of the barrel 1. As the nut structure 61 is rotated, thesesaddle members 64 are urged upwardly into contact with the barrel 1. Aset screw 121 extends through one of these saddle members to lock nut 61against inadvertent rotation.

Interposed between the air motor in the housing 59 and the worm shaft 55is a planetary reduction gearing 65 (Fig. 8), and which is enclosed inmember 63. Since this reduction gearing forms no part of the presentinvention, further description is unnecessary. It is suflicient to notethat the rotation of the air motor is controlled by a trigger 66 (Fig.2) which may be optionally operated to cause the air motor to rotate ineither direction or to stop the air motor. In this way, the pistons 23may be caused to move in either direction for the mixing operation, aswell as for the retraction of the pistons 23 for the purpose ofreloading the barrel 1.

The pistons 23 urge the materials to be mixed through appropriate portsformed in the wall halves 5 and 6. As shown most clearly in Fig. 9, wallhalf 5 has a port 67 communicating with space 2, and wall half 6 has acorresponding port 68 communicating with space 3. These are arrangeddiametrically opposite each other with respect to the bushing 9. Thisbushing is also appropriately apertured for the passage of thematerials.

Thus, bushing 9 has diametrically opposite ports 122 and 123 alignedrespectively with ports 67 and 68 (Fig. 9). These ports are incommunication, respectively, with ports 124 and 125 in bushing 9, saidports 124 and 125 having a substantial angular extent about the axis ofthe bushing.

The materials passing through the ports 67, 68, 122, and 123 can passthrough a series of apertures 69 located in the end of a hollow bodymember 70 (Figs. 8, 9, l0, and 11). This hollow body member 70 has athreaded portion 71 engaging the corresponding internal threads in thebushing 9. This body member is provided with a flanged head 72 which maybe knurled (Figs. 2 and for manual assembly with the plug 9.

Interposed between the lower surface of the head 72 and the top of theplug 9 is a collector member 73 (Figs. 2, 8, 9, ll, 13, and 14). Thiscollector member, as will be hereinafter described, provides an annularmixing chamber 74 into which the materials are urged under pressure.

This chamber 74 is placed in communication with the nozzle 4, as by theaid of the coupling 75 (Figs. 1, 2, 13, and 14). This coupling isomitted in Figs. 8 and 9. The nozzle 4 thus receives the dischargedintermixed materials. This nozzle may further be supported by the aid ofa standard 76 (Figs. 1 and 2) mounted on top of the barrel 1.

As shown most clearly in Figs. 8, 9, and 11, the body 70 is coaxial withthe shaft 55.

The materials to be mixed enter by way of ports 67 and 68, and theapertures 69, past another group of apertures 77 (Figs. 8, 9, and 10) inthe lower end of a sleeve 78. This sleeve 78 telescopes within the body70. It is angularly adjustable in order to close the apertures 69 (Fig.ll) or to place these apertures in register with the apertures in sleeve78 (Fig. 8).

A chopper sleeve member 79 (Figs. 8, 9, l0, l1, l3, and 14) telescopeswithin the upper end of the sleeve 78, and is shown as integral with alower end Wall 80 (Figs. 8, 9, ll, 13, and 14). This wall 80 has anon-circular aperture 125 (such as of hexagonal form), press-fitted overa hexagonal hub 81. This hub 81 has a square aperture telescoping over acorresponding non-circular end 83 of the shaft 55. Accordingly, rotationof shaft 55 causes rotation of the chopping sleeve 79.

A series of slots 84 (Figs. 8, 9, l0, and 11) extend longitudinallythrough the chopping sleeve 79. These slots are narrow along the lengthof sleeve 79, and present cutting edges that cooperate with the edges ofapertures 77 of the shut-off sleeve 78 (Fig. 9) as shaft 55 rotates. Thechopped material passes through the slots into the interior of choppingsleeve 79. At the lower portions of the slots there are curved bottomwalls 129 serving as sloping guides for the passage of the choppedmaterial into the interior of sleeve 79.

Egress from the interior of chopping sleeve 79 is effected through aseries of apertures 85 at the upper end of this sleeve (Figs. 8, 9, 10,11, 13, and 14).

The upper end of the shut-off sleeve 78 is provided with a series ofapertures 86 which can be made to register with the correspondingapertures 85 of chopper sleeve 79, or placed out of registry therewith.Fig. 13 illustrates the apertures in alignment, and Fig. 14 illustratesthese apertures out of alignment. While the sleeve 78 is in the positionof Figs. 8 and 13, flow of material into and out of the interior of thechopper sleeve 79 is permitted; and this material is forced by thepressure in cylinder spaces 2 and 3 into the sleeve 79 and outwardlythrough apertures 85. When the shut-off sleeve 78 is moved to theposition of Fig. 14, the flow of material to the interior of sleeve 79is prevented.

A supplemental shut-off sleeve 87, angularly movable with the sleeve 78,telescopes within the upper end of the rotating chopper member 79. Thissleeve valve is provided with a series of apertures 110 that can bemoved into registry with outlet apertures 131 of the body 70 (Fig. 13).When sleeves 78 and 87 are angularly adjusted to a proper position, asindicated in Fig. 13, the materials can proceed through the ports 67,68, apertures 69 and 77, through slots 84, into sleeve 79, and thenradially outwardly through the apertures 110 in member 87 to be furtherchopped by the chopper sleeve 79 and urged through the openings 86 ofthe sleeve valve 78, and finally through the openings 131 into theannular collecting chamber 74 of the collector 73.

Chopping occurs between the stationary member 87, as well as the sleevemember 78, by the interposition and rotation of the chopper sleeve 79.While pressure is exerted upon the material in the cylinder chambers 2and 3, the material follows the path hereinbefore described, and iscomminuted by the coaction of the edges of the slots 84 of the choppersleeve 79 with the edges of apertures 77, the shut-off sleeve 78, aswell as by the coaction between apertures 85 in sleeve 79 and apertures110 and 86 of the shut-off sleeves 78 and 87. The mixing action is alsoaugmented due to the fact that the materials are smeared by rubbing inthe small clearance between the sleeves 78, 79, and 87.

The effect of this chopping and smearing action is that small particulesof the materials are delivered into the chamber 74. These particles havethus been intimately intermixed by the combined effect of pressure,rubbing, and chopping that takes place within and through the sleeves78, 87, and 79.

The sleeve valve 78 is attached, as by a cross pin 88, to a head 89(Figs. 8, 9, l0, and 11). This head has a flange 93 contacting the upperedge of sleeve 78. The inner sleeve 87 is formed integrally with thehead 89. At the upper end of the head 89, there is a conical shoulder 91contacting a corresponding interior conical surface formed in head 72.In this way, axial movement of member 89 is restricted.

Head 72 is provided with an interrupted hollow cylinder 92 into whichthe upper cylindrical portion 94 of the head 89 projects. An ear 95 isintegrally formed with portion 94. A handle 97 for adjusting the sleevevalves 78 and 87 is pivoted on this car 95, as by a pin 132 pass ingthrough the clevis 96 formed at the end of handle 97. In the full-lineposition of Fig. 8, the handle has a limited angular movement defined bythe side surfaces 133 (Figs. 10 and 12) of the hollow cylinder 92. Thisangular range corresponds to open or closed position of shut-off sleeves78 and 87. By movement of the handle 97 to the upright position shown inphantom lines in Fig. 8, the head 89 can be readily disassembled fromthe member 72.

For resiliently maintaining the handle 97 in either the active positionor the upright position (shown in phantom in Fig. 8), use is made of aplunger 134 having a head 135 urged inwardly toward car 95 by acompression spring 136. This compression spring is accommodated in acylindrical recess 137 of handle 97. The head 135 is guided by thisrecess.

In the full-line position of Fig. 8, the head 135 contacts one of theedges of car 95. In the phantom line position, the head 135 engages thetop surface of the ear.

The lead screws 38 and 39 are rotated to bring the pistons 23 towardeach other by the rotation of shaft 55 in a clockwise direction, asviewed in Fig. 3. Accordingly, the friction between the cylindricalsurfaces of chopper sleeve 79 and the sleeve valves 78 and 87 (whensealing compound is contained between these surfaces) is such as to movethe handle member 97 to the dot-and-dash position of Fig. 12. In thisposition, the sleeve valves are in open position, permitting thedischarge of the comminuted mixture into the mixing chamber 74. However,manual movement of the handle 97 in a counterclockwise direction willclose the apertures.

In operation, the materials to be mixed, such as the catalyzer and therubber compound, are placed within the cylindrical spaces 2 and 3through the piston openings normally closed by plugs 32. When it isdesired to ex trude a mixed compound through the nozzle 4, the trigger66 is operated to rotate the transmission in the proper direction forforcing the materials from the cylinder spaces 2 and 3 into the interiorof the chopper sleeve 79 via openings 69 and 77 and slots 84. Theintermixed materials are then forced through the openings 110 in thesleeve 87, and are further chopped by shearing action of the edges ofthe relatively rotating apertures 110, 84, and 86, and smeared betweenthe surfaces of sleeves 87, 79, and 78. They finally are urged bypressure into the collecting chamber 74 and thence to the nozzle 4.

This method of mixing is particularly effective for the tacky compound,as the chopper serves to separate the intermingled materials into smallpieces which are then further intimately associated in the space betweenthe surfaces of sleeves 87, 79, and 78. For practical purposes, the rateof rotation of the chopper 79, imparted to it by shaft 55, is of theorder of 50 to 100 revolutions per minute.

In the form shown in Fig. 15, the mixing chamber is formed by aspherical surface 101 and defined by the aid of the inlet member 102 andan outlet member 103. Inlet ports 104 lead to the cylinder spaces ofbarrel 1. An agitator shaft 105 carries an annular agitator 106. Forproper mixing, the shaft 105 is rotated at about two hundred revolutionsper minute. The beating action of the agitator 106 serves effectively tocut and intermingle the constituent parts, which ultimately pass throughthe outlet port 107. The shaft 105 must be quite rapidly rotated toproduce the proper mixing action.

In the form shown in Fig. 16, there are a pair of stationary concentriccylindrical members or sleeves 140 and 141. interposed between these twocylindrical members is a rotary tubular member 142 mounted upon theshaft 143. Narrow annular spaces are formed between these threecylindrical members. The inner cylindrical member 140 is hollow, andconnects to the outlet port 144.

The inlet ports 145 from the cylinder spaces of barrel 1 communicatewith the lower end of the outer annular space 146. The inner annularspace 147 and space 146 are in communication at the top of thestructure.

The relative rotary motion of the surfaces of the members 140, 141, and142 produces a kneading or smearing action which is effective in theintermingling of the constituent elements. In this instance, somewhatmore power is required to operate the device, as there is a substantialfriction encountered in this kneading or smearing action. The course ofthe material is first of all urged upwardly through the annular passage146, then downwardly through the annular passage 147, and finallyupwardly through the innermost hollow cylindrical member 141. Theannular spaces 146 and 147 are purposely made rela' tively narrow inorder effectively to provide the kneading action.

In the form shown in Fig. 17, a pair of stationary apertured discs 148and 149 are held in spaced relation by the aid of their contactingflanges 150 and 151. The flange 150 rests upon an appropriate shoulderin the body member 152. The flanges are held in close contact by theexternally threaded outlet member 153.

Three discs 154, 155, and 156 are held in axially spaced relation at theend of a rotary agitator shaft 157. The end discs 154 and 146 aredisposed respectively below the disc 149 and above the disc 148. Theintermediate rotary disc 155 is disposed between the two stationarydiscs 148 and 149. Each of the discs 148, 149, 154, 155, and 156 isprovided with a series of through apertures arranged near thecircumference of the discs. The apertures in the central disc 155 arestaggered with respect to the apertures in the outer discs 154 and 156.All of the discs are relatively closely spaced to each other to provideonly a small amount of clearance. At no instance can material flowthrough more than two discs, due to the staggered apertures. Thus,smearing is effected between the flat surfaces of the discs.

The inlet ports 158 and 159, as before, lead to the cylinder spaces, andextend beneath the lowermost rotary disc 154. The member 153 providesthe oulet port 160.

In the form of the mixer illustrated in Figs. 18 to 22, intermixture ofthe rubber material and catalyzer is accomplished by a rotatinginterrupted threaded chopping member 161.

A hollow body member 162 is accommodated in the threaded aperture formedby the halves 5 and 6 in place of the bushing 9. The body member 162 hasat its lower end inlet ports 163 and 164 cooperable with the ports 67and 68 of the halves 5 and 6 respectively. The body member has a throughaxial bore 165 that accommodates the chopping member 161. An annularflange 166 is formed at the upper end of the body member cooperable witha flange 167 of the chopper member for limiting downward movement of thechopper member 161 with respect to the body member 162. Projections 168of the chopping member 161 are provided in the form of peripherallyinterrupted flanges arranged in this instance spirally as interruptedthreads. The projections are not all axially aligned. Accordingly, theflow of the materials is caused to follow a path having substantialchanges in directions whereby the materials are thoroughly intermixed.

The bore 165 of the body member has only slight clearance with respectto the upper turns of the helically arranged projections 168. Flow ofthe material is then made to progress through the spaces between theprojections 168. While the projections are arranged helically, they arein left-handed arrangement. Accordingly, angular rotation of thechopping member 161 in a clockwise direction as viewed from above doesnot aid in the ultimate upward fiow of the material. While upward flowis permitted by the spacing between the projections, the helicallyarranged projections 168 produce a churning action.

At the lower portion of the body member 162, the bore 170 is enlarged toprovide an annular space facilitating entry of the material into thebody member 162 through the ports 163 and 164. The material is thuseasily permitted to come in intimate contact with the projections 168 ofthe chopping member 161.

The chopping member 161 carries a spur gear 172 extending abovethe bodymember 162. A cap member 173 provides an appropriate recess 175 foraccommodating the gear 172. The cap 173 closes the body member 162 andis secured by the aid of bolts 174. This cap member has an integrallyformed downwardly extending pin projection 176 accommodated within acorresponding bore 9 171 of the gear 172. The pin 176, together with theclosely fitting bore 165, guides the chopping member 161 for rotationabout its longitudinal axis 177.

As shown most clearly in Figs. 19, 20, and 21, a groove 178 at the upperend of the body member 162 forms the outlet passageway from the bodymember 162. This groove 178 forms a path leading around the flange 167to a recess 205 (Fig. 21) in the cap 173.

A gear 179 is accommodated in an arcuate recess 180 of the cap member173 that communicates with the recess 175 for the gear 172. The gearmember 179 has a shaft extension 181 fitting in an appropriate recess182 of the cap member 173 for guiding the gear member for rotation. Thisgear member 179 is in engagement with the gear 172, and is rotatedthereby.

The passage forming grooves 178 and 205 are in communication with thebottom of the gear 179. An outlet passage 183 in the cap 173communicates with the upper portions of both gear recesses 17S and 180,as shown in Figs. 18 and 19.

Assuming a clockwise rotation of the chopping member 161, as viewed inFig. 19, the gear member 179 is caused to rotate in a counterclockwisedirection. The material passing from the body member 162 and into thecap 173 by the aid of the grooves 178 and 205 enters the spaces betweenthe teeth of the gear member 179 and is carried arcuately and upwardlyin the gear recess 180. The outlet passage 183, communicating with theupper portion of recess 180, receives that portion of the material inrecess 180 that is at the higher level, and such portion may then passoutwardly of the mixing member. Another portion of the material inrecess 180 that is at the lower level therein is brought into contactwith the teeth of the driving gear 172, and may pass to an intermediatecollection point formed by a recess 184 (Fig. 19) communicating with theupper portions of the gear recesses 175 and 180. From this collectionpoint, some material may be urged again around the gear recess 180.Another part of the material in the recess 184 is carried by the gear172 clockwise about its recess 175 and thence to the outlet passage 183.The material thereby becomes further intermixed.

The gear members 172 and 179 act as a pump that aids the flow ofmaterial through the device. Accordingly, a high rate of flow can beachieved without requiring the pistons 23 to develop an extremely highpressure in the cylindrical spaces 2 and 3, which might otherwise be ofthe order of several hundred pounds per square inch. An improvedoperation is thus achieved. The gears furthermore cause a substantialintermixture of the material by engagement of the teeth of the gearmembers 171 and 179, as well as by smearing action.

Since the projections 168 of the chopper member 161 are arrangedhelically, but in left-handed arrangement, a reversal of the air motormechanism might induce a flow of material outwardly of the passage 183without the application of pressure by the pistons 23. It is thusimportant that the mixer be inoperative while the pistons 23 areretracted, such as for refilling the chambers 2 and 3. A one-way drivefor the chopping member 161 ensures against such undesired flow. Forthis purpose, a clutch member 185 is provided that has an appropriatenon-circular recess 186 for coupling the shaft 55. This clutch member185 is accommodated in an axial recess 187 in the bottom of the choppingmember 161. The member 185 has a series of angularly spaced,longitudinally extending slots 188 facing the bore 187. Each of theseslots 188 is of maximum depth, or minimum distance from the axis ofrotation at the clockwisemost portion of the slots, and is ofcontinuously decreasing depth or increasing radial distance in thecounterclockwise direction of the slots 188. The slots 188 thus formwedgeshaped spaces with the bore 187.

Accommodated within the slots 188 respectively are rolling elements 189,the diameters of which are such that they may be accommodated at theclockwisemost portion of the slots 188 without contacting the wall forming the bore 187 of the chopping member 161. Upon clockwise rotation ofthe clutch member in the position illustrated in Fig. 20, the rollingelements are urged toward the counterclockwisemost position of the slots188, bringing the rolling elements 189 into engagement with the wallforming the bore 187. Accordingly, upon clockwise rotation of the clutchmember 185, the rolling elements 189 become firmly wedged to couple thechopping member 161 for rotation with the clutch member 185. Uponreversal of the air motor mechanism, the clutch member 185 is caused torotate in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 20.Accordingly, the rolling elements 189 are urged to the deep end of theslots 188, thereby unclutching the chopping member 161 from themechanism. Reversed rotation of the chopping member 161 is thusprevented.

The cap member 173 has an interiorly threaded portion 190 in alignmentwith the outlet port 183, for cooperation with a threaded extension 191of a coupling member 192 for the nozzle 4.

For controlling the low of material through the mixing mechanism, a plugvalve 193 cooperates with the outlet passage 183. This plug 193 issubstantially of cylindrical form and is accommodated in a cylindricalrecess 194 intersecting the outlet passage 183 at right angles thereto.This recess 194, opening on one side of the cap member 173, permitsinsertion of the plug 193. The plug 193 has a non-circular end 195engaged by a corresponding aperture 196 of an operator 197. A resilientO-ring 198 accommodated in an appropriate groove 199 in the plug 193prevents outward flow of material along the closure 193.

As shown most clearly in Fig. 18, the plug 193 has a through transverseport 200 that may be aligned with the outlet passage 183 foruninterrupted flow through the device. For limiting movement of the plug193 and for maintaining it in assembled relationship with the cap 173,an arcuate slot 201 extends partially around the outside of the plug193. The threaded extension 191 has a reduced cylindrical portion 202that extends within the slot 201. This cylindrical projection 202 has adiameter corresponding to the axial distance between the opposed axiallyspaced walls 203 of the recess 201. Accordin-gly, when the apparatus isin assembled position, the plug 193 is prevented from moving axially inthe recess 194. This ensures proper alignment of the outlet passage 183with the through port 200. Furthermore, the projection 202 limitsangular adjustment of the plug 193 by engagement with the arcuatelyspaced end walls 204 of the recess 201. As illustrated in Fig. 18, theprojection 202 is engaged by one end wall of the recess, correspondingto counterclockwisemost adjustment of the plug 193. This end wall is solocated that it corresponds precisely to accurate alignment of the port200 with the outlet passage 183. Clockwise rotation of the plug 193,from the position illustrated in Fig. 18, is limited by the other endwall of the recess and ensures against unintentional movement of theclosure 193 beyond fully closed position.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 23 to 27, a body member 210 cooperateswith the halves 5 and 6. The body member 210 provides inlet ports 211and 212 at opposite sides of the body member. A sleeve member 213 isinserted in a longitudinal bore 214 or"; the body member, and mounts agear pump structure that not only causes intimate intermixture of therubber material and cutalyzer, but reduces the pressure required to bedeveloped by the pistons 23. A main driving gear 215 of the gear pump isaccommodated in an axial recess 216 in the sleeve 213 and is thereinguided for angular rotation about an axis 217. This gear has in itslower end a non-circular recess 218 cooperable with the shaft of the airmotor. The sleeve 213 has an annular, inwardly directed flange 219 thatprovides a seat for the main gear 215 and permits access of the airmotor shaft to the non-circular recess 218.

The sleeve 213 has inclined ports 220 and 221 aligned with the inletports 211 and 212 of the body member 210. The ports 220 and 221communicate with the axial bore 216 housing the main gear at places inthe bore 216, communicating not only with the sides of the gear 215 butwith the bottom thereof (Fig. 23).

As shown most clearly in Figs. 26 and 27, the sleeve 213 also haslongitudinally extending arcuate recesses 222 and 223 communicating withthe recess 216 of the main gear 215. These recesses 222 and 223 are ondiametrically opposite sides of the axis 217 of gear 215. In therecesses are driven gears 224 and 225 in engagement with the main gear215. The ports 220 and 221 are so located, as illustrated in Fig. 26,that they communicate not only with the main gear recess 216, but alsowith these recesses 222 and 223 respectively. Accordingly, the gears 224and 225 cooperate with the main gear 215 to form gear pumps interposedin the paths of the material for aiding in the flow of the material thatenters the ports 211 and 212 respectively. The gear structures alsocause intimate intermixture of the material, since material entering theport 212 is carried into contact with the material entering through port211 by the rotating structurc, etc.

The sleeve 213 has at its upper end an annular flange 226 engaged by themain body member 210 to limit downward movement of the sleeve 213 in thebore 214. A flanged plate 227 (Figs. 23 and 25) has a reduced portionaccommodated within an annular recess 228 of the flange 226. This plate,as illustrated most clearly in Fig. 27, has apertures 229 and 230piloting shaft extensions 231 and 232 of the gears 224 and 225,respectively. The sleeve 213 furthermore has apertures 233 and 234piloting shaft extensions at the other ends of the gears 224 and 225,respectively. The apertures 229 and 230 of the plate 227 and theapertures 233 and 234 of the sleeve 213 serve accurately to mount thegears 224 and 225 for rotation.

A cap member 235, forming the outlet 236 of the mixer mechanism, issecured to the main body member 210 by the aid of bolts 237 and 238.These bolts extend through appropriate apertures in the plate 227 andthe flange 226 of the sleeve 213 for providing accurate alignment of themembers. The bolts 237 and 238 are engaged by interrupted threadsprovided by the main body member 210.

The cap 235 provides a bore or chamber 255 (Fig. 23) adapted to form apart of the passage for the material. This chamber 255 opens on thelower side of the cap 235 and is in substantial alignment with therecess 216 for the main gear. Communication is established between thebore 216, recesses 222 and 223 for the gear members 224 and 225 to thechamber 255 by the aid of appropriate apertures 239 and 240 (Fig. 25)through the plate 227.

Arcuate recesses 241 and 242 formed in the upper part of sleeve 213 (seedotted lines in Fig. 23; and also see Fig. 26) are in registry with theapertures 239 and 240 to facilitate the flow from the gear pump into thechamber 255. An outlet chamber 243 (Fig. 23), in communication at itslower end with the chamber 255, communicates at the other end with theinterior of a coupling member 244 threadedly accommodated in the capmember 235.

The coupling member 244, as shown most clearly in Fig. 24, provides acylindrical outlet passage 245 communicating with the nozzle 4. In thispassage 245 is a screw pump member 246 designed to aid in the flow ofmaterial through the mixer. This member has helically arranged threadsthat, upon rotation of the member 246, urges the material outwardly ofthe passage 245. This pump member 246 has a shaft extension 248 pilotedin a recess 249 of the cap member 235.

For rotating the pump member 246, a bevel gear construction is provided(Figs. 23 and 24). One bevel gear 250 is carried by the shaft 248 of thepump 246 and is located in the outlet chamber 243. This bevel gear 250is engaged by another bevel gear 251 in the chamber 238. The bevel gear251 is mounted on a non-circular shaft extension 252 of the main gear215 (see, also, Fig. 25). This shaft extension 252 extends into thechamber 255 through an appropriate aperture 253 of the plate 227.Appropriate slots 254, spaced apart, are provided in the connectormember 244 to facilitate flow of material into intimate engagement withthe pump member 246.

Upon clockwise rotation of the main gear 215 by the air motor mechanism,as viewed in Figs. 24, 25, and 26, the threads 247 are arranged to aidthe flow of material upon rotation of the pump member 246.

The bevel gear construction 250, 251 not only serves as the transmissionmechanism for the pump 246, but aids the gear pump structures 215, 224,225 in eflecting intimate intermixture of the material.

The form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 28 to 31 is similar tothe form illustrated in Figs. 18 to 22. It utilizes both a rotarychopping member 260 and a gear pump construction. The gear pump causesintimate intermixture and reduces the pressure required to be producedby the pistons 23.

A main body member 261 is threadedly accommodated in the halves 5 and 6.The main body member 261 has an axial aperture 262 guidingly receivingthe chopping member 260. Inlet ports 263 and 264 are provided onopposite sides of the body member 261 for feeding the material into theaperture 262.

In the present instance, the main body member 261 has a plurality oflongitudinally spaced series of angularly spaced projections 265 (Figs.30 and 31) cooperating with a corresponding plurality of longitudinallyspaced series of angularly spaced projections 266 of the chopping member2641. The chopping member 260 can be telescoped into the body member 261by angularly displacing the projections 265 and 266 of the members 261and 260, respectively, before the parts are moved axially together. Suchangular position is shown most clearly in Fig. 30. A flange 267 at theupper portion of the chopping member 260 is disposed above the uppermostseries of projections 265 of the body member 261. In such assembledposition, the series of projections 266 of the rotary chopping member260 are longitudinally spaced from the series of projections 265 of thebody member 261. Accordingly, when the chopping member is so located, itmay be rotated with the body member 261, the projections 266longitudinally interleaving with the projections 265 of the body member261.

The material entering the aperture 262 of the main body member 261 underpressure through the inlets 263 and 264 must move around the relativelyrotating projections, thereby causing mixing of the material. As shownmost clearly in Fig. 30, there are only five projections 265 in eachseries of projections of the main body member 261. There are tenprojections in each series of projections of the chopping member 260.Accordingly, for any angular position of the chopping member 260 in themain body member 261, there are five substantially uninterruptedlongitudinal paths for the material that is mixed. Such paths areillustrated by the reference character 278, for instance. Suchuninterrupted paths 278 are not undisturbed, since the projections 265of the main body member soon Cross such paths upon rotation of thechopping member. Other distinct through longitudinal passages are thenformed. The interleaving projections thus completely mix the differentmaterials entering through the ports 263 and 264.

For rotating the chopping member 261, an appropriate non-circularaperture 268 is provided in the bottom thereof for engagement with thenon-circular extension of the air motor shaft.

A cap member 269, secured to the main body member 261 by the aid ofbolts 270, provides the outlet pas-

